QC (Quality Control) is a process from which the
business seeks to ensure that the product quality is maintained or improved
with reduced or zero errors. QC requires the business to create an environment
in which both management and employees strive for perfections &
this is done by training personnel, creating benchmarks for product quality and
testing products to check for statistically significant variations.
A major aspect of quality control is the
establishment of well-defined controls. These controls help standardize both
production and reactions to quality issues. Limiting room for error by
specifying which production activities are to be completed by which personnel
reduces the chance that employees will be involved in tasks for which they do
not have adequate training.
Quality Control Tools and Techniques-
Flow chart: Flowcharts are
logical steps in a logical order so as to accomplish an objective. Flow charts
are drawn with the use of geometrical objects like rectangular, rhombus,
parallelogram, activities, and decision points to in a process. Flow charting
can help identify where quality problems might occur on the project and how
problems happen. There are different software tools in the market today for
drawing flow charts, such as MS Vision.
Check Sheet: It is a form of
documents which is used to collect data in real time at the location where the
data is generated. The data it captures can be quantitative or qualitative.
When the information is quantitative, the check sheet is sometimes called a
tally sheet.
Cause and effect diagram: Cause and effect
diagram is very helpful to find the root cause of the defect. Cause-and-effect
diagrams show the relationship between the results of problems and the root
cause of these problems.
Pareto chart: Pareto observed
that 80 percent of issues occur due to 20% reasons. Over the years, others have
shown that the 80/20 rule applies across many disciplines and areas. So it was
a good idea to identify and focus on that category of defects which covers the
maximum portion. It is a special form of vertical bar chart and used to
identify the first few major sources responsible for the problem.
Control Charts: A control chart is
works on sample variance measurements, from the samples chosen and measured,
the mean and standard deviation are determined.
Histogram: Histograms are a
type of bar charts that depict the distribution of variables over time. This
represents the distribution by mean. This graph may take different shapes based
on the condition of the distribution.
Scatter plot: It is a type of plot or mathematical diagram using Cartesian coordinates to display values for typically two variables for a set of data. If the points are color-coded, one additional variable can be displayed. The data are displayed as a collection of points, each having the value of one variable determining the position on the horizontal axis and the value of the other variable determining the position on the vertical axis.
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